基于协同路由算法的无线传感器网络能量空洞避免

Energy-hole avoidance for wireless sensor network based on collaborative routing algorithm

在多跳的无线传感器网络中,靠近sink的节点由于需要转发来自外层网络的数据,其能量消耗速度快于离sink较远的节点,从而导致了"能量空洞"的出现,最终导致网络过早死亡.本文在分析现有路由算法的基础上,针对EEUC算法的不足,对其进行了改进,提出了多跳无线传感器网络中的协同路由算法.在路由节点选择时不局限于簇头作为路由节点,还可以将成员节点作为路由节点,让其分担了簇头的能量消耗.算法引入了距离因子和能量因子,既考虑候选路由节点相对于sink的距离,同时还考虑候选路由节点的剩余能量,以达到选择最佳路由节点的目的.仿真结果表明,所改进路由算法在网络生存时间,能耗均匀程度方面优于现有算法.

In multi-hop wireless sensor networks （WSN）, the nodes near the sink due to the need to rou- ting the outer data, the speed of energy consumption was faster than the nodes far away from the sink. It results in ＂energy hole＂ appearance. And it causes the WSN to premature death. Analyzed some ex- isting routing algorithms, the authors improved the EEUC＇s routing algorithm. The authors propose a collaborative routing algorithm （CRA） in the multi-hop wireless sensor networks. The members of clus- ter can be candidate routing node, instead of only cluster heads be candidate in existing algorithms. The way of member nodes to be routing can be able to balance the energy consumption of cluster heads. The authors proposed Distance-Factor and Energy-Factor in CRA, which takes the distance and residual en- ergy into account, during the period of selecting routing node. Simulation results show that our algo-rithm is better than existing algorithms in the network lifetime, energy consumption.