肝移植受者手术前后焦虑状况及其影响因素分析

Anxiety in liver transplant recipients and related influencing factors analysis

目的了解肝移植受者手术前后焦虑状况及探讨焦虑的影响因素。方法采用一般情况调查表、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)和社会支持评定量表对42例肝移植受者在术前、术后1个月、术后6个月、术后12个月、术后24个月、术后36个月进行问卷调查。结果肝移植受者术前与术后5个时间点焦虑得分比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。术后36个月肝移植受者焦虑状况较术后1～24个月肝移植受者明显减轻(均P<0.001)。术后12个月与术后24、36个月及术后24个月与36个月得分比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。肝移植受者手术前后焦虑的影响因素为年龄、家庭人均收入、术后客观支持。术后客观支持与焦虑呈正相关;年龄、家庭人均收入与焦虑呈负相关。结论年龄、家庭人均收入、术后客观支持是肝移植受者焦虑的影响因素。应充分调动各种支持系统给予肝移植受者经济、情感的支持,帮助其积极应对所面临的各种问题,提高受者的精神健康水平。

Objective To evaluate the anxiety status of the liver transplant recipients before and after the surgery and to explore the related impact factors.Method 42 liver transplant recipients were assessed at 6 different times（pre-operation,1 month,6 months,12 months,24 months,36 months after transplantation） by General Information Questionnaire（GIQ）,Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS） and Self-rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）.Results The differences in the anxiety score between pre-operative period and 5 different post-operative periods were statistically significant（P 〈0.001）.High anxiety score could be found in the recipients 1 ～ 12 months after the operation,but it decreased obviously at month 36（P 〈0.001）.The most severe time was 1 month after the transplantation,with statistically different from other 4 post-operative time points（P 〈0.001）.In months 12,24,36 after the transplantation,the scores showed significant differences between the groups（P 〈0.05）.Age,family income per capita and post-operative objective support were the influencing factors.The post-operative objective support was positively correlated with anxiety and age and family income per capita were negatively related.Conclusions Liver transplant recipients suffer less anxiety before operation than they do after operation.There are 3 impact factors of age,family income per capita and post-operative objective support.Therefore,they should be supported economically and emotionally so that they can face problems of all sorts to improve the level of spiritual health.