儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征X线头影测量研究

Cephalometry study of craniofacial growth in mixed dentition with OSAHS children

目的:分析混合牙列期阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)、单纯打鼾(SS)对儿童颅颌面、牙合系统的影响。方法:运用计算机辅助X线头影测量技术,对OSAHS组24例和SS组12例患儿进行X线头影测量数据对比分析。结果:OSAHS组与对照组比较SNB(75.83±2.92)减小(P<0.05),ANB(5.83±2.76)、Y轴角(72.05±2.99)、FH-MP(34.68±5.05)、UI-SN(107.49±5.04)、LI-MP(98.38±5.28)等角度增大(P<0.01或P<0.05);GoGn(57.20±5.64)距离缩短(P<0.05)。SS组与对照组比较ANB(5.34±1.86)、Y轴角(67.42±4.53)、FH-MP(31.62±4.60)、LI-MP(98.46±5.28)等角度也增大(P<0.05或P<0.01);GoGn(58.92±5.27)距离缩短(P<0.05)。OSAHS与SS比较,各项比较无明显差别。结论:OSAHS、SS对儿童颅面下面部和牙齿发育造成影响,主要表现为下颌骨后缩、缩短,前面部增高,上、下中切牙唇向倾斜等面部形态学改变。呼吸方式的改变是造成这些变化的主要原因。

Objective：To investigate the craniofacial growth characteristics in mixed dentition of OSAHS and simple snoring （SS） children. Method：Craniofacial morphology was studied by computerized cephalometric analysis in 24 children with OSAHS, 12 children with simple snoring and 34 healthy ehillren. Result： In OSAHS children, SNB（75.83±2.92） was significantly smaller than healthy children（P〈0.05） ,while ANB（5.83±2.76） , Y axis angle（72.05±2.99）, FH-MP（34.68-±_5.05）,UI-SN （107.49±5.04） and LI-MP（98.38±5.28） were larger in comparison with healthy children （with the P values P〈0.01, P〈0.01, P〈0.01, P〈0.05 and P〈0.05, re- spectively）. The GoGn in OSAHS children （57.20±5.64） was smaller than healthy children（P〈0.05）. In SS children, the indexes ANB（5. 34±1. 86）, Y axis angle（67. 42±4. 53）,FH-MP（31. 62± 4. 60） and LI-MP （98.46±5.28） were also significantly larger than healthy children（with the P values P〈0. 05 ,P〈0. 01, P〈0. 05 and P（0.01, respectively）. The GoGn in SS children （58.92± 5.27） was also smaller（P%0.05）than healthy children . All these indexes showed no significant differences between OSAHS children and SS children. Conclu- sion： The effects of OSAHS and SS on craniofacial growth of children in mixed dentition include posterior displace- ment and shortening of mandible, heightening of anterior face and the labial inclination of maxillary central incisors and mandible central incisors. The change of breath mode was the main cause of these malformations.