光学技术在神经科学中的应用及其进展

Optical Approaches Used in Neuroscience Research

经过半个世纪的发展,一些基于光学方法的研究技术已成为神经科学领域的主要研究手段。这些技术包括实现了高分辨率三维成像的光学成像技术、可进行大范围神经信号记录的功能性成像技术,以及可运用光来精确控制神经功能的光遗传学技术。这些光学技术具有高空间分辨率、组织低损伤性和遗传特异性等优势,其应用使得神经科学领域的研究取得了一系列突破。尽管目前应用在神经科学研究中的光学技术还存在一些问题,但可以预见,光学技术在阐明和揭示复杂神经科学问题方面必将继续发挥重要作用。

A number of optics-based experimental techniques have now been used in neuroscience research, such as optical imaging which enables high spatio-resolution and 3D observation, functional imaging to perform large scale recording of neural activities, and optogenetic tools for precise control of neural functions via light and laser. These optical technologies have led to major technological advances such as high spatial resolution, lowered tissue damage, genetic specificity. Optical technologies could be further improved, to play significant roles in clarification and revelation of neuroscience-related complexities in the future.