黑龙江省西部低山丘陵区水土保持林模式构建及效益

Model Construction of Soil and Water Conservation Forest in Hilly Low Mountain in Western Heilongjiang Province and its Effect

在黑龙江省西部选择典型低山丘陵区,根据其立地类型试验构建了樟子松纯林、樟子松蒙古沙棘林、蒙古沙棘林、云杉落叶松林、小黑杨林、灌木柳林等6种水土保持林示范模式,并对其生长状况及水土保持效益进行了试验观测。结果表明:各类试验林总体成活率为87%,保存率为82%,模式区内林木覆盖度已达70%,开始发挥效益:试验前原来的19条水流沟中15条发展沟已变为稳定沟,模式建立成型后较对照减少地表径流量39.7%～95.9%,减少土壤流失量63.7%～99.5%,减少肥料流失量63.9%～99.5%;与造林前土壤养分含量相比,模式区有机质含量提高46%～59%,有机氮提高24%～52.2%,有效磷提高48.6%～60.7%;试验区内物种多样性较试验造林前明显增加。

Typical hilly low mountain range was selected in western Heilongjiang province according to its site type, six kinds of soil and water conservation forest demonstration models（pure forest of Pinus sylvestris var. rnongolica, mixed for est of P. sylvestris var. mongolica and Hippophae rhamnoides subsp, mongolica Rousi, H. rhamnoides subsp, mongol ica Rousi stand, mixed forest of Picea koraiensis and Larix grnelinii , Populus simonii X P. nigra stand, Salix saposhniko vii stand） were constructed their growth conditions soil and water conservation benefits were observed. Result shows that： overall survival rate of the various experimental forest are 87 %, the preservation rate being 82 % forest coverage in the model area have reached 70%, starting to play a benefit., before the test, 15 developed ditches among 19 ditches have changed into stable ditches. Model after forming decrease surface runoff , soil erosion, fertilizer loss by 39.7%-95.9 %, 63. 7 -99.5 %, 63.9 %-99.5 % respectively than that of CK compared with soil nutrient content before afforestation, organic matter content,organic nitrogen available phosphorus in model area increase by 46%-59%, 24-52.2%, 48.6%-60. 7 % respectively species diversity in test area significantly increase than that before afforestation.