基于可调发射功率的无线传感器能量空洞避免算法

An Energy-Hole Avoidance Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Adjusting Transmission Power

基于无线传感器数据收集网络的多对一收集特征,部分节点因为过早耗尽自身能量而导致网络原有覆盖区域缺失或者数据无法送达Sink节点,从而形成能量空洞现象.针对这一问题,提出一种避免能量空洞的算法ATPAEH(adjusting transmission power to avoid energy-hole).首先,根据网络中所有节点的剩余能量信息将节点分为门限节点和充裕节点两个集合.然后,对于门限节点集合中的节点形成最短路径树以多跳的方式将数据传送到Sink节点.而充裕节点集合中的节点根据该节点与Sink的距离调节其自身的发射功率,直接将数据传送到Sink节点.最后,通过与MILD算法的对比实验表明ATPAEH算法的优越性.此算法有效地均衡了网络的能量消耗,避免了能量空洞现象,从而延长了整个网络的生命时间.

Due to the many-to-one characteristic of the data collection in wireless sensor network（WSN）,lack of original network coverage or failure to reach the sink node would often occur because of the early energy depletion,which would lead to the effect of energy holes.An ATPAEH algorithm was proposed which could solve the problem of energy holes.In the algorithm,the nodes were firstly classified into the threshold nodes and the sufficient nodes according to residual energy of each node.In succession,the threshold nodes were sent to the sink node using multi-hops through the shortest path tree,and the sufficient nodes were sent to the sink node directly after adjusting transmission power according to the distance of each corresponding node and the sink node.Finally,the experimental results demonstrated the performances advantage of the proposed algorithm through being compared with the MILD algorithm.With the proposed algorithm,the energy consumption of the network was effectively balanced and the energy-hole was avoided so that the lifetime of the entire network was prolonged.