“以人为本”与“异化劳动的积极扬弃”——重读马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》

＂People-oriented＂ and ＂active sublating of alienated labor＂ ： a review of Marx＇s work 1844 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts

马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是从生产方式的变革上来揭示人类社会发展的，资本主义现代化，把劳动、资本和土地作为生产力的要素和生产关系的实现形式，资本创造利润，土地创造地租，工人劳动获得工资，资本家通过资本、土地不断地使资本增值，而工人通过劳动所得的工资，只能勉强维持其劳动力的再生产。资本家越来越富，工人越来越贫穷，两极对立贫富悬殊扩大，出现了工人运动。要改变异化劳动这个经济事实，就必须把工人当成社会的人；要把工人当成社会的人，而不是物，就必须坚持以人为本。

In his work 1844 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, Marx studied the human de- velopment according to the evolution of production modes. In order to realize modernization, capitalism used labor, capitals and lands as elements of productivity and as realization ways of production rela-tions. Capitals created profits, lands created rents, factory workers got wages through their labor, and capitalists made their capitals keeping increased. But, the wages that factory workers got were so low that they could keep them re-laboring. And then, capitalists became more and more wealthy; factory workers turned poorer and poorer, which widened the gap between the rich and the poor. Finally, it led to the workers＇ movements. In order to change the economic fact of alienated labor, factory workers must be taken as social people instead of materials, and the ＂people-oriented＂ concept must be promo-ted.