多花黄精提取物对水果采后病原菌的抑菌活性研究

Antifungal activities of Polygonatum cyrtonema extracts against post-harvest pathogens of fruits

采用生长速率法测定了多花黄精提取物对4种水果采后病原菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:多花黄精不同极性提取物对供试病原菌均具有一定的抑制作用,石油醚提取物的抑菌效果较好,质量浓度为5.0g/L时,其对苹果炭疽病菌的菌丝抑制率达到70%以上;用索氏抽提法得到的提取物对苹果炭疽病菌的抑菌活性略高于回流提取物,两者EC50分别为3.09、3.89g/L;多花黄精随着生长年份的延长,其提取物的抑菌活性表现出一定的增强趋势,菌丝抑制率在61.69%～76.18%之间;浓度为150g/L的石油醚提取物对苹果炭疽病的控制效果达到65%以上,保护作用明显强于治疗作用。有关多花黄精高活性提取物中抑菌有效成分的纯化与鉴定有待进一步研究。

The antifungal activities of Polygonatum cyrtonema extracts against four fruit postharvest pathogens were studied using the growth rate method. The results showed that extracts by various solvents had significant antifungal activities against the selected plant pathogens. The effect of petroleum ether extract on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was the highest; the inhibition rate was at least 70% at the concentration of 5.0 g/L. The extract by Soxhlet method showed stronger antifungat activities than extract obtained by steeping, the ECs0 of which were 3.09 g/L and 3.89 g/L, respectively. The extracts from P. cyrtonema in different years against C. gloeosporioides had some differences; the antifungal activities were 61.69%--76.18%. The control effect of P. cyrtonema extract was more than 65% against anthracnose of apple fruit at the concentration of 150 g/L, and the protective action was stronger than curative action. The antifungal component extracted from P. cyrtonema should be further purified and identified.