冷藏温度、基质和时间对智利小植绥螨存活和生殖的影响

Effects of storage temperature,matrix and duration on survival and fecundity of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis

智利小植绥螨是叶螨属害螨的一种重要捕食性天敌,为发挥其控害效能,本研究在4℃和8℃两个温度下测试了叶片+叶螨、蛭石+叶螨和蛭石3种冷藏基质以及不同冷藏时间对智利小植绥螨存活和生殖的影响。结果表明:冷藏温度、基质和时间均对智利小植绥螨冷藏存活率有显著影响。冷藏5～15d时,在8℃下每种基质中的存活率均大于或等于4℃下的存活率,而冷藏20～40d时相反。用蛭石基质及蛭石+叶螨基质在4℃条件下冷藏35～40d和在8℃条件下冷藏25～40d的存活率均较叶片+叶螨基质有显著优势。在每个温度及每种基质内,智利小植绥螨冷藏存活率均随冷藏时间的延长而呈下降趋势。冷藏温度和冷藏时间对冷藏后智利小植绥螨一周内产卵量有显著影响。除了10d和15d处理,在4℃条件下智利小植绥螨冷藏后1周产卵量要高于8℃,特别是在冷藏20d后。在4℃条件下,冷藏5d和10d后的智利小植绥螨1周产卵量高于冷藏15d后产卵量;而在8℃条件下,冷藏10d和15d后智利小植绥螨1周产卵量高于其他冷藏时间段产卵量。总之,用蛭石作基质冷藏智利小植绥螨不但效果较好,而且较为经济适用,适宜在4℃条件下进行长期冷藏,有利于延长货架期。

In order to exploit the biological control potential of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis,the effects of low storage temperature,storage matrix and storage duration on survival and fecundity of P.persimilis were evaluated.The results showed that the three cold storage factors above all had significant effects on the survival rate of P.persimilis.In the same storage matrix and duration,survival of P.persimilis at 8 ℃ was higher than or equal to that at 4 ℃ when stored for 5-15 d,and they were the reverse when for 20-40 d.The survival rate of P.persimilis showed no difference in vermiculite + spider mite and vermiculite.However,they were both better than those in leaf + spider mite when stored at 4 ℃ for 35-40 d and at 8 ℃ for 25-40 d.At each temperature and in each matrix,the survival rates were all reduced with storage duration.Furthermore,the storage temperature and the duration had significant effects on the fecundity of P.persimilis after cold storage.In general,the fecundity of the predatory mite at 4 ℃ was higher than that at 8℃,especially the predatory mite stored above 20 d.At 4 ℃,the fecundity of the predatory mite was gradually reduced with storage duration.Conversely,the fecundity of the predatory mite initially increased and peaked at the storage duration of 10 and 15 d,and thereafter decreased gradually at 8 ℃.Therefore,it is suitable to store the predatory mite at 4 ℃ in vermiculite,which can help extend the shelf life.