云南沧源县农田鼠害调查

Investigation of farmland rodent in Cangyuan County of Yunnan

为了解云南沧源县农田害鼠种类、密度、繁殖特性、分布及为害特点,采用"夹夜法",于2010-2011年开展调查。结果表明,沧源县农田害鼠有黄胸鼠、臭鼩鼱、卡氏小鼠、大足鼠、小家鼠、宽齿鼹、短尾鼩等7种。黄胸鼠为优势种,占捕鼠总数的59.22%;臭鼩鼱和卡氏小鼠为常见种,分别占22.62%和15.18%;其他鼠种占2.98%。混合种群平均鼠密度为2.54%±0.88%;雌雄性比0.94∶1.00。年内夏秋季为繁殖高峰期;5-6月和9-11月为危害高峰。平均怀孕率为31.88%,平均胎仔数(6.92±0.43)只。不同鼠种在不同季节睾丸下降情况不同,夏秋季下降率高。臭鼩鼱具有隐睾现象,睾丸不下降。黄胸鼠和臭鼩鼱分布广泛,全县均有分布。卡氏小鼠主要分布于中低海拔稻区。

To investigate mice species, density, reproduction, distribution and damage status in Cangyuan of Yunan, the trap-at-night method was used from 2010 through 2011. The results showed that Rattusflavipectus, Suncus murinus , Mus caroli , Rattus nitidus , Mus musculus , Euroscaptor grandis and Anourosorex squamipes were present. R. flavipectus was dominant species, accounting for 59.22% of the total mice caught. S. murinus and M. caroli were common species, accounting for 22.62% and 15.18% of the total mice caught, respectively. Other species accounted for 2.98%. The average density of mixed population was 2.54% ±0. 88%. The female/male ratio was 0.94：1. Summer and autumn were peaks for breeding. May-June and September-November were peaks for harm. The average pregnancy rate was 31.88%, and the average fetuses were 6.92±0.43. Testicular descent status of each rat species was distinct in different seasons; Decrease rate was high in summer and fall. Cryptorchidism occurred in S. murinus, but testicular did not fall. R. flavipectus and S. murinus were widely distributed across the county. M. caroli was distributed mainly in the low-altitude farmlands.