试论西方文典中的否定

On Negation in Western Classics

在黑格尔的《精神现象学》里,否定是自我意识中主奴关系转化的关键。《浮士德》中,魔鬼梅菲斯托是"否定的精灵",浮士德需要勇气才能抵制他的引诱,在追求理想的路上不断前行。在荷马史诗《伊利亚特》中,否定意识促成了个人英雄主义的形成,而在《奥德赛》中,否定意识又体现在帮助主人公成功脱险的急智中;在索福克勒斯的悲剧《俄狄浦斯王》里,否定意识又是迁善黜恶的前奏。苏格拉底的盘问式对话试图把否定意识变成批判意识和探求真理的有效手段。

Negation is the key to the conversion between masters and slaves in Master - slave Dialectic in Hegel ＇ s The Phenomenology of Spirit. Faust by Goethe presents that in the pursuit of truth Faust needs to overcome the temptations thrown by Mephistopheles, ＂the spirit that denies＂. In Homer＇ s Iliad and Odyssey, the awareness of negation permits the access to individualistic heroism and helps the hero come out of danger while in Sophocles＇ tragedy Oedipus the King it is the prelude to the correction of evils. In cross - examining dialogues Socrates attempted to develop the awareness of negation into a critical awareness and a sufficient way to truth.