第26届世界大学生选拔赛男子铅球运动员投掷技术运动学分析

The Kinematics Analysis of the Shot Putting Technique of the Male Shot Putter in China Selective Trial for the 26^(th) Worldwide Undergraduate Summer Games

以第26届世界大学生夏季运动会中国大学生田径选拔赛参加决赛的7名运动员为研究对象,以比赛中成绩最好的一次技术进行运动学分析,研究其技术特点及影响其成绩的技术因素。研究结果表明:运动员在最后用力阶段之前支撑腿的蹬伸以及摆动腿的摆动时,用力方向应该与投掷方向一致(对旋转技术来说是向水平方向),应避免的动作有:1)向上蹬伸摆动使身体垂直速度增加过大;2)腾空时间过长,没有积极扭紧躯干;3)滑步技术运动员在过渡阶段过早蹬伸下肢上抬身体,过早打开扭紧的躯干,给铅球加速;4)最后用力阶段铅球速度的增量对出手速度贡献最大;5)最后用力阶段两脚距离太短,且两脚位置不合适,最后用力时身体没有积极的向前向上运动。研究为提高青少年铅球运动员投掷技术提供理论参考。

The kinematics analysis was performed on the best techniques of seven athletes in the final of China undergraduate track and field selective trial for the 26th Worldwide Undergraduate Summer Games to explore their technique characteristics and the factors which can affect their performance. The results show that the direction of force, including the stretching of the supporting leg and the swinging of the swinging leg, should be the same as the direction of put （ horizontal direction relative to the rotation technique） before the final force stage. The following movements shall be avoided ： 1 ） The vertical speed of the body increases too large caused by the upward stretc hing and swinging ; 2 ） The duration of flight is too long and trunk is not been screwed ; 3 ） In the period of transi tion, the sliding technique athletes stretch legs, raise body and open trunk untimely and these increase the speed of the shot; 4） In the final force stage, the contribution of the increment of the shot speed to the shot speed is the biggest ; 5 ） In the final force stage, the distance between the feet is too short, the location of the feet is not right and the body does not move forward and upward actively. The research provides theoretical reference for improving technique of the young shot putters.