当前世界女子跳马运动员比赛动作分析与研究

Study on Characteristics of the Movements of the Current Female World Vault Competitions

以参加伦敦奥运周期和北京奥运会的5届世界大赛女子跳马决赛的选手为对象,对当代世界女子跳马比赛特点进行研究。结果表明:伦敦奥运周期开始运动员动作难度迅速下降,至第42届世锦赛降至最低点,从第43届世锦赛将缓慢回升,至里约奥运周期会再次提升到接近北京奥运会的水平,因此,提高动作难度还有较大的空间。运动员选用的动作主要集中在"尤尔琴科"和"后手翻转体180°前空翻转体"等两个组别,动作难度的提高主要是增加转体度数和改变身体姿势。在不断增加动作难度的基础上,要继续提高完成动作的质量,特别是控制好两个腾空阶段的身体姿势,以及落地的稳定性和准确性,是取得优异成绩的关键。

With the female athletes who attended vault final competitions in the London and Beijing Olympic Game etc. 5 world competitions being the research objects, this article conducts the study on characteristics of current female world vault competitions. Results demonstrate that the difficulties of athletes＇ vault tends go down, which came to the lowest in the 42th World Championship Game and slowly upgraded from the d3th World Championship Game, went up to the level closed to Beijing Olympic Game till Rio Olympic Period. Therefore, there is some space to improve difficulties. The main actions concentrate on two groups which are ＂Yurchenko＂ and ＂flip body forward somersault 180~ swivel＂. The improvement of the difficulties refers to increment of the turning degree and changes of body positions ; on the basis of continuous improvement of difficulty, the key to achieve better scores relies on improved movements quality and controlled body position during as well as the accuracy and stability of landing.