户用秸秆沼气技术现状与关键技术优化

Development Status of Households Biogas with Straw as Substrate and the Key Technologies

秸秆是富碳木质纤维性原料,用于沼气生产,具有原料易收集、发酵周期长、产气潜力大、建设成本低、综合效益好、适合农村发展等特点。目前全国适宜发展户用秸秆沼气的农户约460万户,主要采用"秸秆预处理+序批式进出料"、"秸秆预处理+袋装小进小出料"和"稻草沼液浸泡+序批式进出料"三种发酵工艺。在采用复合菌剂和沼液对秸秆进行预处理的基础上,采用"抓吸出料一体车"清理发酵后的秸秆残渣和沼液,解决了制约秸秆沼气产气和出料的技术瓶颈问题。

Straw is a carbon-rich wood fiber which has characteristic of easy collection for biogas fermentation, and has long fermentation period, high gas production potential, low construction cost, and good comprehensive benefit. There are about 4.6 million households suitable for developing biogas with straw in the whole country. At present, the main kinds of fer mentation process are ＂straw pretreatment ＋ sequencing batch type＂, ＂straw pretreatment and feed-in-and-out with small bags＂, and ＂straw soaking with biogas slurry ＋ sequencing batch process ＂ On the basis of bacteria composite pretreat- ment and biogas slurry pretreatment for straw, ＂grasping and sucking discharging car＂ were adopted to discharge the fer- mented straw residue and slurry, it solved the discharging problems which limited the straw biogas production.