单体米黄大理石矿粉对小麦产量及各器官重金属含量的影响

Effect of Monomer Yellow Marble Powder on Wheat Yield and Heavy Metals Contents in Wheat Organs

采用盆栽法,研究大理石矿粉对小麦产量及对成熟期小麦根、茎叶、果实中重金属含量的影响。结果表明:添加大理石矿粉会显著影响小麦的生长及产量(P<0.05),添加矿粉的量不大于60g/kg时,小麦的结实小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量随添加量的增加而增加,而含量再继续增大时,对小麦产量的促进作用将减弱;低含量的大理石矿粉能缓解Pb、Cu、Zn对小麦的毒害,而高含量的对小麦的影响各异,小麦各器官中重金属Cd、Cr与添加大理石矿粉含量呈显著正相关;重金属对小麦各器官的影响排序,根:Cd>Cr>Pb>Cu>Zn,茎叶:Cd>Cr>Cu>Pb>Zn,果实:Cd>Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu。在大理石开采区应该采取一定的措施,避免大量的大理石矿粉散入周围的耕地。

The effect of marble powder on the wheat yield as well as the heavy metals contents in the roots, stem leaves and grains of wheat in the mature stage were studied using potted wheat. The results showed that addition of marble powder significantly affected the growth and yield of wheat （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. When the addition of marble powder wasn＇t higher than 60g/kg, the wheat parameters such as the number of seed-setting spikelets, number of grains per spike, thousand seed weight and yield increased with the increasing marble powder; while when the addition became more than 60g/kg, the promoting function for wheat yield became weak. The marble powder with low content could alleviate toxicity of heavy metals such as Pb, Cu and Zn on wheat, while that with high content affected the wheat differently. Actually there were significantly positive correlation between the contents of heavy metals such as Cd and Cr in different wheat organs and the addition amount of marble powder. The ranks of heavy metals affecting the wheat organs were as follows ： for roots as Cd 〉 Cr 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Zn, for stem and leaves as Cd 〉 Cr 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Zn, and for wheat gains as Cd 〉 Cr 〉 Pb 〉 Zn 〉 Cu. Measurements should be taken in marble mine area to prevent a lot of marble powder scattering in the surrounding farmland.