拉丁美洲反美主义的发展阶段和内容

Development Stages of Latin-American Anti-Americanism and Their Respective Implications

拉美反美主义经历了从独立运动期间克里奥尔精英对美国的失望和警觉,到19世纪末至20世纪二三十年代知识分子的文化反美主义,再到20世纪初出现的具有广泛群众基础的土著主义、桑地诺主义、民众主义和共产主义。1959年后拉美的反美主义带有明显的社会主义特征。90年代至今拉美的反美主义是和反新自由主义联系在一起的。

Latin - American anti - Americanism has so far undergone a few stages, viz. that of the disappoint- ment of, and the vigilance against, the United states on the part of the Creole elite; that of the cultural anti - Americanism of the educated elite at the end of the twentieth Century to the second and third decades of the twentieth century ; that of Indigenism, Sandinism, Communism and Populism with the broad social based upon broad masses at the beginning of the century. Since the Cuban Revolution in 1959, Latin - American anti - A- mericanism has been characterized with obvious socialist attributes. And since the end of the Cold War up to the present, it has been associated with Neo- Liberalism.