非常规原油的加工利用进展——以委内瑞拉超重原油和加拿大油砂沥青为例

The Progress of Processing and Utilization in Unconventional Crude Oils——Extra Heavy Crude Oil and Oil Sands from Venezuela and Canada

委内瑞拉超重原油和加拿大油砂沥青是目前世界上开发利用程度相对较高的非常规原油资源。目前主要在其产地进行稀释或在该国的改质工厂进行改质,改质方案主要有脱碳和加氢两种,得到的产品送入炼厂进一步加工生产运输燃料和其他石油产品。委内瑞拉现有4个超重原油改质工厂,生产高质量的轻质低硫合成原油或重质高硫合成原油。加拿大现有6个主要的油砂沥青改质工厂,生产不同品质的合成原油。近年来,我国石油公司分别与委内瑞拉和加拿大的能源公司就超重原油和油砂沥青的开发利用开展了多项合作,随着合作的深入,我国炼油企业加工这两种非常规原油的机会也将越来越多。为更好地利用这些资源,提出了加快开发具有自主知识产权的非常规原油加工技术的建议。

Venezuelan extra heavy crude oil and Canadian oil sands are two main kinds of unconventional oil resources that the development and utilization is in certain scale. At present, the two resources are either diluted in the oil recovery site or upgraded in the plant of the locality, then to conventional refinery. The fuels for transportation and other oil products are manufactured by intensive processing with above outputs in the refinery. The decarburization and hydrogenation are main methods for the upgrading. There are 4 upgrading facilities in Venezuela for extra heavy crude oil, light synthetic crude oil with high quality and low sulfur or heavy synthetic one with high sulfur produced. There are 6 the facilities in Canada for modification of the bitumen from oil sand, synthetic crude oil with different quality produced. In recent years, petroleum company in China has cooperated in the unconventional resources with energy company in Venezuela and Canada respectively. Oil refining enterprises in China have more and more opportunities to process the unconventional oils with the deepening of the cooperation. In order to use of the resources preferably, suggestions in processing technical of developing quickly with independent intellectual property rights for the unconventional crude oil are proposed.