自治后新加坡住房体系研究

Housing Policy System in Singapore after Autonomy

英国殖民当局建立了两项重要制度——新加坡改良信托局和中央公积金制度。1959年自治的新加坡政府就是在继承殖民地时期遗产的基础上形成其住房政策体系的。20世纪后半期是新加坡政府推行"居者有其屋"政策的关键时期,成立了建屋发展局以代替原有机构,统一负责住房的规划、建设、分配、管理等;同时中央公积金制度介入住房领域,有效地推动了安居工程。21世纪,新加坡政府注重的是不断提高居住水平和质量,而中央公积金制度也趋于完善。可以说,新加坡在战后能成功地解决住房问题,主要是取决于其成功、完善的住房政策。

This paper attempts to discuss the formation of Singapore housing policy and its internal operation to draw useful les- sons. The British colonial government once established two important systems in Singapore, namely, the Singapore Improvement Trust and the Central Provident Fund system. After winning self-governance in 1959, the Singapore government formed its hous- ing development policy system on the basis of its heritages from the colonial period. Then, in the second half of the 20th century, the Housing and Development Board（HDB） was established to replace the original Singapore Improvement Trust in charge of the housing plan, construction, management, distribution and so on. Meanwhile, a critical policy known as ＂the Home Ownership for the People Scheme＂ was introduced to help the poor to buy instead of rent their flats. At the same time, the Central Provident Fund system also entered the housing field to promote housing projects for low-come families in an effective way. In the 21st cen- tury, the focus of the Singapore government is to further improve the housing standards and quality constantly, and the Central Provident Fund has grown better and better. It can be said that the reason why the Singapore government can solve its housing problem successfully after World War II mainly rests on its successful and people-friendly housing policy.