以“史”观“文”:抗战前清华国学院同学的古代文学研究

Exploring Literatures from History: The Ancient Chinese Literature Research of the Students in the Academy of Sinology of Tsinghua University Before Anti-Japanese War

清华国学院在短短四年(1925～1929)间培养出诸多学有所成的学界中坚,形成20世纪文史研究领域的一股重要力量,映照着中国现代社会学术转型的历史背景。在当时"国学"语境下,清华国学院的教育训练,以小学和史学为主,而清华国学院的70余位同学中,只有少数同学选择从事中国古代文学研究,视野多偏"历史",所涉时代多为宋前。上述特点,是清华国学院教育培养的偏向所致,也与当时"国学"研究多关注中国历史和传统学术的文化倾向息息相关。考察清华国学院的教育训练、时代思潮与同学研究之间的关系,有助于理解中国古代文学研究在20世纪二三十年代的学术生态及其特征,管窥现代学术在"国学"场域中的展开过程,并反思学科专业化后所带来的研究误区。

The academy of Sinology of Tsinghua University had cultivated a lot of best scholars who played important roles in the literature and history research fields in the 20th century from 1925 to 1929. In the context of Sinology, the academy of Sinology of Tsinghua University mainly focused on linguistics and philology as well as history. Only about 70 students chose the ancient Chinese literature as their research field, and their researches focused on the history before Song Dynasty. These characteristics were caused by the educational direction of the academy and the culture direction which emphasized ancient Chinese history and traditional academy. The paper explored the relationship among the educational training, zeitgeist and researches of students in the academy of Sinology of Tsinghua University, which had contributed to understand the academic ecological environment and characteristics of ancient Chinese literature from 1920s to 1930s, analyze how modern academy practice in the context of Sinology and rethink those mistakes caused by subject specialization.