论少数民族非物质文化遗产传承人的分类保护——基于贵州的田野调查

On Classification Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors:Based on the Fieldwork in Guizhou Province

本文通过分析贵州少数民族非遗传承人的访谈发现,以发放补贴为主的非遗传承人整体保护方案,忽视了传承人在境遇以及保护诉求方面的较大差异,使保护效果大打折扣,并且可能造成"保护性破坏"。应当从非遗项目对传承人"效用"的角度,细分出传承人传承民族文化的不同动力,推行针对性的传承人分类保护方案,对不同的传承人分别采取市场化保护、扶持性保护和半体制化保护等策略,用相对较小的成本,达成各类非遗文化的永续传承。

The entirety protection scheme which bases on the subsidy about inheritors of intangible cultural heritage ignores the difference about survival situation and appeal of preserving of inheritors. Its effects should be discounted and cause ＂protective damage＂ . This finding is based on the interviewing with the inheritors of intangible cultural heritage at the villages of Guizhou Province. The protection of inheritors of intangible cultural heritage must be paid attention to the efficacy of intangible cultural heritage program to inheritors, distinguish the different impetus of conveying national culture and carry out different protection methods to different category, such as market - oriented protection, supportive protection, and half - organized protection. These methods will help to perpetuate intangible cultural heritage at relatively little cost.