1989-2009年中国九省（区）儿童青少年能量摄入状况及变化趋势

Trend of energy intake among Chinese children and adolescents in nine provinces from 1989 to 2009

目的分析1989-2009年中国9个省（区）6～17岁儿童青少年能量摄入状况及其变化趋势。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，于1989、1991、1993、1997、2000、2004、2006和2009年分别在中国9个省（区）调查了488、2807、2802、2580、2520、1604、1305、1159名6～17岁儿童，对其3d24h膳食回顾数据进行描述性分析，比较不同年份及不同特征儿童青少年能量摄人情况。结果1989、1991、1993、1997、2000、2004、2006和2009年中国9个省（区）6—17岁儿童青少年的膳食能量摄入量中位数分别为6645．7、8314．8、7849．3、8115．0、7970．5、7598．0、7345．0和7051．9kJ／d（X^2=239．75，P〈0．01）。2009年，城市、县城儿童青少年能量摄入高于郊区和农村，分别为7820．4、7356．0、7168．2和6863．5kJ／d（X^2=8．00，P〈0．05）。我国儿童青少年能量的食物来源以谷类食物为主，2009年，城市、郊区、县城和农村的谷类食物供能比分别为44．0％、45．6％、52．9％和61．0％（X^2=36．75，P〈0．01）。脂肪供能比〉30％的人群比例逐年增加，碳水化合物供能比〉60％的人群比例则逐年减少，1989年分别为25．4％（124／488）和54．1％（264／488），2009年分别为58．1％（673／1159）和15．9％（184／1159）（x。值分别为811．24、919．35，P值均〈0．05）。与1989年相比，2009年儿童青少年能量摄入量≥80％RNI的比例由60．2％（294／488）下降至47．8％（554／1159）（X^2=227．66，P〈0．05）。结论1989-2009年，中国9个省（区）儿童青少年的能量摄入量变化呈现先升高后下降的趋势；城市、县城高于郊区、农村。

Objective To examine the trends of energy intake among Chinese children and adolescents in nine provinces from 1989 to 2009. Method Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to recruit 488,2807,2802,2580,2520,1604,1305 and 1159 children and adolescents aged 6 - 17 years in each year of 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2009 in 9 provinces. The descriptive analyses were carried out for three days 24-h dietary recall data to compare energy intake by year and demographic characteristics. Results The median of dietary energy intake among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6 - 17 years in 1989,1991,1993,1997,2000,2004,2006 and 2009 were 6645.7,8314. 8, 7849. 3,8115.0,7970. 5,7598.0,7345.0 and 7051.9 kJ/d （ X^2 = 239.75, P 〈 0. 01 ）, respectively. In 2009, children and adolescents from city （7820. 4 kJ/d） and county （7356. 0 kJ/d） consumed more energy than that from suburb （7168.2 kJ/d） and village （6863.5 kJ/d） （ X2 = 8.00,P 〈 0. 05 ）. Cereal was the main food source of energy intake. In 2009, the percentage of energy intake from cereal was 44. 0%, 45.6% ,52. 9% and 61.0% （ X^2= 36. 75,P 〈 0. 01 ） for city, suburb, county and village respectively. The percentage of population with 〉 30% of energy intake from dietary fat increased yearly and that with more than 60% of energy from carbohydrate decreased, from 25.4% （124/488） and 54. 1% （264/488） in 1989 to 58. 1% （ 637/1159 ） and 15.9% （ 184/1159 ） （X^2 values were 811.24,919. 35 respectively; both P values 〈 0. 05 ） in 2009. The percentage of children and adolescents whose energy intake was more than 80% recommended nutrient intake （RNI） declined from 60. 2% （ 294/488 ） in 1989 to 47.8% （554/ 1159） in 2009 （X^2 = 227. 66,P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The current study demonstrated that energy intake of Chinese children and adolescents increased at early stage and then declined in the recent years. Average energy intake was higher in city and county than suburb and village.