陕北主要姓氏来源及其特点

Origins and Feature of the Surname in Northern Shaanxi

陕北目前主要姓氏约有三百多种,其中张、王、刘、李为大姓,人数最多,遍布陕北各县市。此外,各县均有大姓巨族,如绥德马姓、安姓、霍姓,米脂高姓、艾姓、杜姓,清涧白姓、惠姓、师姓等。陕北姓氏来源复杂,明代以前居民称为土著,另有因仕宦、屯兵驻防、移民、从事工商业者、贬谪流徙等原因落籍本地者,因各民族融合定居本地者则是陕北姓氏的另一主要来源。同姓聚居、少数民族汉化改姓及同姓分户是陕北姓氏的三个鲜明特点。

There are about three hundred kinds of surnames in Northern Shaanxi, among them Zhang （张）, and Li （李） are the largest ones and can be found everywhere. Beyond that, there are other large surnames such as Ma （马）, An （安） and Huo （霍） in Suide County, Gao （高）, Ai（艾）, and Du （杜） in Mizhi County, Bai（白）, Hui（惠） and Shi （师）in Qingjian County, etc. Except for the natives, those surnames originated from officials, soldiers, immigrants, tradesmen and criminals. Many minorities also settled down in this area. There are three characteristics of the surname in northern Shaanxi：the same surname used to live in the same area,minorities turned their names into Chinese Surnames and the same surname used to be separated from different clans.