晚清政治变革中的社会转型与君主专制关系论

Discussion on the Relationship between Social Transformation and Autocratic Monarchy in Political Reform of Late Qing Dynasty

晚清覆亡后,中国思想文化界、教育界在经过"五四"激烈反传统潮流洗礼后,逐渐形成一种倾向,认为君主专制是近代中国社会落后、无法实行制度更新的罪魁,遂将社会转型与君主专制视为一对难以调和的矛盾,进而将君主专制一棒子打死,缺乏历史的分析态度。事实上,从世界各国的转型实践来看,君主专制与近代社会转型并没有必然的正相关或负相关的关系,关键在于统治者的作为。晚清政府的失败,究其原因,政事不足远大于政体不良。

After the fall of late Qing Dynasty and the baptism of trend of anti-tradition in May Fourth Movement, a trend that autocratic monarchy was believed to be the chief criminal for the backward situation of modem Chinese society and the ineffectiveness of system renewal was formed gradually in Chinese ideological and cultural circle and also educational circle, and then social transformation and autocratic monarchy were consid- ered as a pair of contradictions which was difficult to reconcile and thus autocratic monarchy was totally denied without sufficient historical analytic attitude. Seen from the transformation practices in the world, there is actually no positive correlation or negative correlation between autocratic monarchy and modern social transformation, and the key is the conduct of the ruler. The failure of the late Qing government was due to insufficient politics instead of the bad form of government.