污灌土壤-植物体系中污染物迁移积累的研究

Research on Transference and Accumulation of Pollutants in Irrigated Soil-plant System

研究了污灌时,挥发酚、氰化物和有机氯农药在土壤和山桃、榆树及苹果树等植物中的迁移富集状况。结果表明,污水、植物和土壤样品中含有挥发酚、氰化物和α-666、γ-666、δ-666 3种有机氯农药。各污染物主要来自污水灌溉,富集程度与污水中的各污染物含量相一致。在土壤中,挥发酚有一定的积累,氰化物几乎没有积累。有机氯农药在土壤表层中积累最多。在植物中,挥发酚和氰化物有一定的积累,且山桃中的富集倍数最高。有机氯农药无论是清灌还是污灌,山桃中δ-666>γ-666>α-666,榆树和苹果树中则γ-666>δ-666>α-666。除了少数情况外,无论是清灌和污灌的土壤中,还是山桃、榆树、苹果树等树木中,有机氯残留量和挥发酚、氰化物残留量基本上显示显著性差异,表明污染物存在一定的积累。

The transference and enrichment of volatile hydroxybenzene,cyanide and organic chloride pesticide in soil and plants during the sewage irrigation were studied.The results showed that the sample of wastewater,plant and soil contained volatile hydroxybenzene,cyanide and organic chloride pesticides such as α-666,γ-666,δ-666.These pollutants were mainly from sewage irrigation,and enrichment degree accorded with the pollutant contents in the wastewater.Volatile hydroxybenzene in soil accumulated for some degree,but cyanide not.Organic chloride pesticides accumulated most at the surface soil layer.Volatile hydroxybenzene and cyanide accumulated for some degree in plants,and the most in the hill peach tree.Whether clean water or sewage irrigation,organic chloride pesticides followed the order as δ-666γ-666α-666 in the hill peach tree,but γ-666δ-666α-666 in the elm and apple tree.No matter in clear,sewage irrigation soil or in trees,volatile hydroxybenzene,cyanide and organic chloride pesticide indicate significant difference and demonstrate that pollutants are accumulated in soil.