浅论太平天国女官制度

On Female Official System in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

女官制度,即女子参政做官的制度。该制度最早起源于我国封建社会的萌芽时期——周朝,之后中国的很多朝代都有女官,所以女官制度并非太平天国所特有。然而太平天国的女官制度以其女官人数之多、设置之详备、分布范围之广而著称。太平天国的女官制度有其思想根源,它来源于"女军"和"女科"。太平天国政权中所设女官可分为王府女官、军中女官和绣锦女官三种。受制于封建背景的影响,这种制度虽然有着"女官没有掌握实权"、"男女没有平等"、"妇女内部没有平等"等局限性,但它仍然是值得肯定的。它是太平天国女性社会地位提高的表现,是中国社会女子广泛参政的序幕和前奏,它还废除了两千多年来历代封建王朝的"宦寺"(太监、阉人)制度,是一种尊重人道的政治革命伟绩。

Female official system means women participate in government and political affairs to be officials. This system originated from the sprouting period of China ＇ s feudal society Zhou dynasty. After that time, man- y Chinese dynasties had female officials. So the female official system is not peculiar to the Taiping Heavenly King- dom. However, the system in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom has many characteristics：more personnel, more posi- tions, and wider distribution. The ideological roots of this system is ＂Female army＂ and ＂Female imperial examina- tion＂, which can be divided into female officials in the palace, female officials in the army and in the brocade camp. Although the system has weaknesses： women does not have the power, men and women were not equal and women had unequal power in domestic affairs, it still deserves affirmation. The system was the sign of improving women＇ s social status, the prelude of China women＇s participation in government and political affairs and abolishing of the Eunuch system which lasted for two thousand years. The system was a successful political revolution of show- ing respect to humanitarian.