结构、行为与制度:中国人民代表大会制度的历史变迁研究

Structure,Behavior and Institution: A Study on Historical Evolution of Chinese People’s Congress Institution

人民代表大会制度地位设计的至上性和权威性与实际运行中缺乏其独立性和自主性之间的矛盾,使得它在权力运行和制度实施中出现事实与价值的不吻合。这种不吻合归根结底是人大制度的制度空间演变的问题,即人大制度设计的制度空间与人大制度现实运行中的实际空间不相符合。学术界从结构、权力、行为者和历史四个方面寻找原因,虽各有侧重但缺乏全面性。文章运用历史制度主义的分析范式,以平衡政治价值与科学价值的内在张力为出发点,将人大制度的变迁放置于历史时空中,在制度设计、制度调适、制度发展的动态运行过程中观察各种变量,即环境变量、观念变量、行为变量和制度变量之间的相互作用和变化过程及对制度产生的影响,以此探求问题产生的根源和人大制度变迁的历史合理性。

The conflict between the supremacy and authority of the status of the people＇s congress system and the absence of independency and autonomy in practice which causes the facts mismatch with values of the power operation and institution implementation of people＇s congress. This mismatch is an evolutionary problem of institutions and practices of the people＇s congress system. The academia tries to seek the reasons from four aspects： structure, power, behavior and history, which has its own main point but not comprehensive. In this paper, the author tries to use the paradigm of historical institutionalism and take the balance of the inner-driving forces between political value and scientific value as the starting point to do the study of the evolution of people＇s congress system in a historical space, to review the following elements： environment, concept, behavior and institution which interacts with each other, and the changing process they involved and the effects they produced on institution that are the foundation to explore the origin of the emerging problems and the historical rationality of the change of people＇s congress system.