现代汉语非典型双及物构式的构式语义与扩张途径——从与存现句对比的角度考察

Constructional Meaning and Expansion Route of Peripheral Ditransitive Construction in Contemporary Chinese——Comparative Analysis with Existential Sentence

间接宾语为处所名词的非典型双及物构式实际用例少,是一种"有标"构式。本文使用构式语法考察在这种构式中出现成分的语义特征及论元角色,发现在该句式中出现的动词具有[+空间移动性],即便动词本身不具有[+空间移动性],构式也会临时赋予它这一语义特征。N1为N2存在(过)的处所。构式用于描写"突发"事件,句子呈现"动态性"。N1由[+人][-处所]向[+人][+处所],再向[-人][+处所]变化,双及物构式也随之由表示"所有权移动"的典型双及物构式向表示"空间移动"的非典型双及物构式扩张。

The peripheral ditransitive construction with location nouns as indirect object is a rarely used form. It is a marked construction. The current paper analyzes the semantic features and the role of the argument in this structure by using construction grammar, and finds out that the verb in this construction has [-＋space mobility] ,even if the verb itself does not have [＋space mobility-]. Constructions will be temporarily assigned to it by the semantic features. N~ is （was） the location where N2 exists （existed）. The construction is used to describe a ＂sudden＂ event and the sentence shows a ＂dynamic＂ feature. N1 changes from the [-＋personal] [--location] to [＋personal] [＋location], and then to [--personal] [ ＋ location]. As a result, ditransitive construction expands from the typical ditransitive construction that presents ＂the transfer of ownership＂ to the peripheral ditransitive construction that presents ＂space moving＂.