广西优质常规稻育种现状及发展对策

Breeding status of high-quality inbred conventional rice varieties in Guangxi and its developing strategy

根据2000～2011年广西育成并通过审定的50个优质常规稻品种的米质、产量、抗性等,分析了广西优质常规稻品种育种现状及存在问题,如米质虽已取得较大改良但直链淀粉含量仍偏低;育成了一系列米质优且产量高的香稻品种如广香1号、三香628、桂香3号、柳丰香占、家福香1号、兆香1号等;近3年(2009～2011年)的优质常规稻产量明显稳定提升,每年均超过6600kg/ha,但育成水稻品种抗病性普遍较差,抗病育种徘徊不前等。今后需根据稻米市场导向,以长粒型、高胶稠度、中等偏低直链淀粉含量、低垩白度的大米类型为选育目标;引进国内外现有的中等直链淀粉含量的优质品种资源,直接或创新后作为杂交亲本加以利用;以粗长粒型作为选育目标,通过提高千粒重来进一步提高优质常规稻的单产;加大资金投入,提高育种技术,并加大抗病及抗逆育种力度,提高现代生物技术在优质常规稻育种中的应用等。

Abstract：From 2000 to 2011, 50 high-quality conventional rice varieties were bred in Guangxi and validated by examining the relevant grain quality, yield, resistance, etc., in order to analyze the existing problems in the current Guangxi rice breeding field, such as the low amylase content in the already improved grain varieties. As a result, a series of excellent quality and high yield aromatic rice varieties were developed, such as Guangxiang 1, Sanxiang 628, Guixiang 3, Liufengxiangzan, Jiafuxiang 1, Zhaoxiang 1, etc. In the recent 3 years （2009-2011）, the quality and yield of conventional rice showed significant improvement as the average annual yield reached over 6600 kg/ha; despite the improvements, the rice varieties still exhibit poor disease resistance and the industry showed little progress in developing disease resistance varieties. From now on, in accordance with the rice market demand, the production industries should choose the rice varieties with long grain type, high gel consistency, intermediate to low amylase content, and low chalkiness as the main targeted breeding varieties. The existing domestic and foreign rice varieties with intermediate amylose content and other various excellent characteristics could be used directly or indirectly as cross-breeding parents. Using the course long grain as the breeding standard, improving the 1000-grain weight could further enhance the quality of conventional rice yield. By increasing capital investment, improving breeding technology, and enhancing the resistance in breeding varieties, the breeding industries could develop modem biological technology in excellent conventional rice breeding application.