中熟桃不同果实生育期对种子发芽生长的影响

Effects of different fruit development periods on seed germination and growth of mid-ripening peach

【目的】探讨中熟桃不同果实生育期对种子发芽生长的影响,为桃杂交种子的处理、提高成苗率提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以10个中熟桃品种为试材,研究不同果实生育期、成熟度、种子的干物质含量等对种子发芽及后期生长的影响。【结果】同一品种随果实生育期延长及成熟度增加种皮黄色比例、发芽势、发芽率、干鲜重比、地径均不断增加;在果实达到八成熟(除CrimsonGold)和九成熟时,种子的发芽率均达到100.0%;发芽势在九成熟时所有品种均达90.0%以上。比较发现果实发芽率和发芽势与果实生育期、种子干重和干鲜重比均达显著或极显著相关关系;而种子的干重、鲜重、株高、根长并未呈明显的变化规律。【结论】种皮颜色不能作为中熟桃杂交种子处理的判断依据,在果实生育期达到90d以上、果实成熟度达九成熟时种子发芽率可达100.0%。

Objective In this study,the seed germination and growth of different mid-ripening peache varieties were studied in order to improve the growth and survival rate of peaches in peach breeding institutions.Method Ten mid-ripening peach cultivars were used to study the effects of fruit development period,maturity,seed dry weight,and seed fresh weight on the seed germination and growth.Result As the fruit development elongation and maturity increased,the percentage of yellow seed coat,the germination energy,germination percentage,the ratio of dry weight to fresh weight,and the basal diameter all correspondingly increased.At 80% and 90% maturity,the seed germination rate of all varieties reached 100% except for CrimsonGold.At 90% maturity,the germination energy of all tested cultivars reached above 90%.By comparison,the germination rate and germination energy were significantly positive correlated to the fruit development period,the seed dry weight,and the ratio of dry weight to fresh weight（at 0.05 or 0.01 level）,while dry weight,fresh weight,plant height,and root length exhibited little correlative relation to the germination rate and germination energy.Conclusion The color of seed coat cannot be used as the criteria to treat and breed hybrid seeds in peach breeding program.When the fruit development period is above 90 d and the maturity reaches 90%,the seed germination rate would reach 100%.