印尼学生汉语习得的语法偏误考察

A Survey on Chinese Acquisition Errors Made by Indonesia Students

印尼学生汉语习得过程中产生的偏误包括句法成分缺失(遗漏)、语序错误、用词或搭配不当、误加、误用、否定错误等诸多类型,其中成分缺失和错序尤为突出,其原因是汉语和印尼语两种语言在语序和表达方式上存在明显差别,极易给学生造成负迁移;另外汉语中助词、连词、副词等意义较虚的成分用法较复杂,学生难以掌握。这些成分是教师教学中应该着重讲解、训练的难点。

In the course of Chinese language acquisition, Indonesia students may make many kinds of grammatical errors, such as, lack of syntactical elements, mis-order, mismatch, mis-adding, misuse, mis-negation, etc. Among these errors, the lack of syntactical elements and mis-order are especially common. The reasons making these mistakes are： For one thing, there are many clear differences between Chinese and Indonesia language in words order and ways of expressing, which may bring about negative transfer for Indonesia students; And for another, the grammatical constituents like particles, the conjunctions, and the adverbs in Chinese are complicated and difficult for the Indonesia students to learn and master. Therefore, the grammar of particles, conjunctions and adverbs in Chinese is key for teachers to explain more in teaching.