水电资源开发的投入要素分析

Analysis on input factors in the development of hydropower resources

水能作为清洁的可再生资源,在我国的能源结构中占有重要地位。然而,近年来,水电开发在移民、生态环境等方面存在的不可忽视的负外部性严重制约了水能资源的开发进程。本文基于利益相关者理论,系统分析了水电开发的主要利益相关者及其相应的投入要素,并在此基础上构建了水电开发全成本测算要素体系,包括:水能资源、行政成本、安置土地的所有权、被淹没的固定财产、移民社会保障福利、居民无形损失、土地资源的使用权、生态环境资源以及项目开发相关企业类投入,从而使移民、生态环境等这些一直以来承担了水电开发负外部性的投入要素内部化,进而为水电开发利益的合理分配提供了依据。此外,结合分析结果,本文对我国水电开发提出了政策建议。

As a clean and renewable resource,hydropower is essential to China＇s energy structure.In recent years,however,its development has been severely constrained by the negative externalities of migrants,ecologies and so on.By the stakeholder theory,this paper presents a systematic analysis on the key stakeholders and their input factors in the hydropower development,and constructs a system of full cost accounting elements.This work made the negative externalities internalized,and thus provided a basis for rational sharing of the development benefits.The identified elements include： hydropower resources,administrative costs,ownership of the land for resettlement,fixed properties,immigrants′ social security benefits,residents′ intangible losses,land-use right,eco-environmental resources,and resources input by related companies in project development.