2009—2010年黄海绿潮起源与发生过程调查研究

Origin and development of Huanghai (Yellow) Sea green-tides in 2009 and 2010

绿潮是我国近海一种新型的海洋生态灾害,自2007年以来,每年5—7月在黄海海域周期性暴发与消亡,给沿海地区造成不同的环境影响和经济损失。本文基于2009—2010年黄海绿潮潜在起源区和绿潮发生过程的海上连续跟踪观测资料,对黄海浒苔绿潮的起源和发生发展过程进行了分析。结果表明,2009年和2010年黄海漂浮绿潮藻均首先发现于江苏南通小洋口外的太阳岛附近,随后,在小洋口至大丰港的近岸海域逐渐出现漂浮绿藻,并随时间逐渐向北漂移,分布面积和生物量均不断增大。不同年份间,黄海浒苔绿潮具有相似的发生发展过程,主要可以分为绿潮藻漂浮发生阶段、绿潮藻聚集阶段以及规模性绿潮形成阶段;但绿潮的发生时间、发生规模和漂移路径有所差异;2009年绿潮漂移线路为逐渐远离海岸线,而2010年绿潮藻的漂移路径基本为平行于海岸线;温度升高与绿潮暴发具有明显相关性。

Green tides is a new kind of marine ecological disaster in the HuanghaiSea recurrent every year from May to July since 2007 which caused great environmental impacts and economy loss. To determine the origin and early development process of this phenomenon, our group carried out multi-cruise observa- tions in Jiangsu coastal areas from April to June during 2009--2010 and studied the main causes and varia- tions of floating algal transport pathways. The results showed that the floating green algae patches were all first observed around the Sun Island around Xiaoyangkou in the south part of Jiangsu coast during 2009--2010, and drifting northward later on with the expansion of covering and influenced area. The de- velopmental processes were similar in the 2 studied years which can be divided into the patches floating, aggregation and massive green tide forming stage. The blooming time, covering area and transportation pathways of the green tides varied between 2009 and 2010. The seawater temperature may be an important role in the blooming of the green tides.