MALT淋巴瘤病因及发病机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Etiology and Pathogenesis of MALT Lymphoma——Review

黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤为起源于淋巴结外MALT的低度恶性B细胞淋巴瘤,是非霍奇金淋巴瘤中边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤最常见类型。MALT淋巴瘤常发生于胃、唾液腺、甲状腺及眼眶附属器等部位,其中发生于胃肠道的病例占全部MALT淋巴瘤的50%,胃肠道MALT淋巴瘤已证实与幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染有关,其主要机制为免疫反应,在部分染色体易位患者抗HP治疗无效,提示存在其他致病机制。在MALT淋巴瘤中发现的染色体易位包括t(11;18)(q21;q21)、t(1;14)(p22;q32)、t(14;18)(q32;q21)、t(3;14)(p14.1;q32)。最近研究发现了一些新的染色体异常如6q23.3等,它们对淋巴瘤的临床过程及预后等均有影响。MALT淋巴瘤的染色体异常通常激活共同的分子通路核因子(NF)-κB,持续活化的NF-κB使肿瘤细胞增殖或活化,最终导致MALT淋巴瘤的发生。本文就近年来MALT淋巴瘤病因及发病机制的研究进展做一综述。

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue （MALT） lymphoma originated outside the lymph nodes is low grade malignant B cell lymphoma. It is the most frequent type of marginal zone non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma, that usually occurs in the stomach, salivary gland, thyroid gland and orbital adnexa. Gastric MALT lymphoma accounts for 50% of MALT lymphoma. Gastric MALT lymphoma has been confirmed to relate with Helicobacter pylori （HP） infection, its main pathogenesis is immune reaction, but some patients with chromosome translocation have no response to HP eradication, suggesting presence of other unknow pathogenesis, The chromosome translocations in MALT lymphoma are t （ 11 ; 18 ） （q21;q21）, t （1;14） （p22;q32）, t （14;18） （q32;q21）, t（3;14） （p14.1;q32）. Recent studies show some new chromosomal abnormalities such as 6q23.3/A20 and so on, which have some effects on clinical course and prognosis. MALT lymphoma with chromosome abnormalities usually activate common NF-κB molecular pathway, and persistent active NF-κB pathway drives tumor cell proliferative and active, resulting in lymphoma incidence. In this articl, the advances in the etiology and pathogenesis of MALT lymphoma were reviewed.