大麦空间诱变与小孢子培养复合育种技术及应用

Microspore culture combined with space mutation and its application in barley breeding

供试大麦品系的种子搭载卫星上天,返回地面后种植于大田,取其植株花药中的小孢子(单倍体细胞),进行高盐、低氮、缺水、病菌毒素等胁迫因子的离体培养,筛选出携带抗性变异基因的胚状体,再经胁迫分化培养,获得具相应抗性的再生苗,通过染色体自然或人工加倍,获得加倍单倍体纯合抗性再生植株,自交一代经大田的高盐、低氮、缺水、病菌接种鉴定,筛选出抗盐、耐低氮、抗旱、抗病能力明显提高的优异新种质,通过进一步的综合农艺性状考察,即可以在2年内获得耐盐、节肥、抗旱、抗病新品系。

The barley＇s seeds undergone spaceflight were grown in fields, and the isolated microspores （haploid cells） from their plants were cultured under high salt, low nitrogen, water deficiency, toxin and other stresses. The regenerated plantlets with desired resistances were obtained via embryogenesis process with the stress selection. The double haploid （DH） homozygous lines were generated through chromosome doubling naturally or artificially, and new superior germ- plasm possessed higher resistance or tolerance to salt, drought, low nitrogen and disease were developed after field self- bred of their progeny under these stresses. It is promising to gain new barley lines with good agronomical traits as well as excellent resistances within 2 years after further identification in fields.