云南祥云县检村石棺墓出土铜器的初步研究

Preliminary study on copper and bronze artifacts excavated from stone coffin tombs in Jian Village,Xiangyun county,Yunnan Province

为研究滇西地区青铜文化及相关铜器的制作技术,本研究采用扫描电镜和金相分析的方法,对云南祥云检村石棺墓出土的17件样品进行取样分析,结果表明祥云检村石棺墓出土的铜器以红铜为主,少数为Cu-Sn合金。这些器物的制作工艺主要是铸造、铸后冷加工等,制作工艺相对单一。3件编钟均为Cu-Sn合金,并且锡成分具有等比递增的现象。兵器矛经过鉴定后说明由于墓主身份的不同,随葬的矛也有实用器和随葬器两类。农具锸和工具锥和凿的鉴定表明有冷加工或使用过的痕迹,可能曾是实用器;而农具锄经鉴定并没有在农作中使用过,仅作为随葬品,进一步证明随葬铜锄是青铜时代滇西地区的一种丧葬习俗。分析表明,当时已根据不同器物的用途进行了不同的制作和加工。本研究结果对研究滇西青铜文化及金属技术有一定的意义。

For studying of bronze culture and making technique of related artifacts in western Yunnan Province, 17 samples excavated from stone coffin tombs in Xiangyun county, Yunan province were analysed by SEM and metallo- graphic analysis. The experimental results show that the most of artifacts are copper, only a small number of those are alloy of Cu Sn. The making technique of these artifacts is relatively simple, mainly casting and cold working after casting, etc. Three chimes are alloy of Cu - Sn and components of tin with geometric increase which related to require of the acoustic effect. The spears buried in the tombs can be divided into two categories, utility wares and funerary objects by the identity of the owner of the tombs. The spades, awls and chisels are inferred as utility wares which have used traces and been processed by cold working. The bronze hoes, one kind of farm tools, were only used as funerary objects instead of utility wares which is the evidence of local funeral customs in western ~unnan Province. Analysis shows that the making technique of those bronze and copper wares depends on the application of those objects. This paper has a certain significance of studying bronze culture and metal technique in western Yun- nan Province.