陕西出土明代漆棺制作工艺及材质研究

Study of techniques and materials used to manufacture a lacquer coffin unearthed from a Ming Dynasty tomb in Shaanxi

为了更好地了解亚浸水漆器的制作工艺及材质,为该类文物修复保护提供科学依据,本工作采用扫描电镜能谱分析、X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析等技术对出土于陕西长安县明代墓葬一漆棺的制作工艺及主要制作材料进行了分析研究。结果表明,漆棺是按照木胎-纤维-灰层-漆膜-颜料的工序制作的,主要使用材料有麻、粘土类物质、生漆、金及朱砂颜料。漆棺制作工艺及材质与文献记载基本一致,是中国古代漆棺传统工艺制作的典型代表。

In order to get a better understanding of the techniques and materials used to manufacture lacquer ware which is in a state of partial water saturation, and to provide a scientific basis for its restoration and protection, scan- ning electron microscope - energy disperse spectroscopy （SEM - EDS）, X - ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infiared spectroscopy （FT- IR） and other techniques were used to access the manufacture techniques and materials used to make a lacquer coffin unearthed from a Ming dynasty tomb in Shaanxi. According to the experimental results, the lac- quer coffin consisted of the following： wooden core, fiber, plaster layer, lacquer layer and pigment layer. Hemp fiber, clay, raw lacquer, gold and cinnabar （HgS） were the main materials applied. These findings are consistent with those in the literature. The lacquer coffin is representative of typical, traditional lacquer coffin manufacturing techniques.