三峡地区高山乡土造林树种选择研究

The study on tree species selection for afforestation in sub-alpine of Three Gorges area

自上世纪70年代以来,大老岭林场开展了北亚热带三峡地区高山造林树种生态调查[1]。依据调查结果:1981年选择玉兰、银鹊、鹅掌秋、鄂枫杨、漆树、大叶杨、山桐子、桦榛、白辛、檫木、珙桐、香椿、亮叶桦、水曲柳等阔叶乡土树种和油松、华山松、落叶松、柳杉等针叶乡土树种开展栽培试验研究。通过各树种成活率、保存率及生长量26 a(2004)调查表明:26 a(2004)生现实遗传增益银鹊比11个阔叶树种材积提高26.8%,比其它10个阔叶树种材积提高32.0%;日本柳杉比4个针叶树种材积提高36.5%,比其它3个针叶树种材积提高48.8%。银鹊,日本柳杉最适宜三峡山区生长,营造银鹊、日本柳杉工业用材林,可大力提高新造林分生产力,现实遗传增益15%以上,取得较好的经济、社会和生态效益。

An ecological survey on afforestation tree species was carried out at Dalaoling forest farm in the Three Gorges area of northern subtropical mountain since the 1970s.According to the survey results,we chose some species for cultivation,such as Magnolia,Silver Magpie,Liriodendron autumn,Hubei Pterocarya,sumac,Populus,Idesia polycarpa,birch hazel,BaiXin,sassafras,dove,Toona sinensis,Betula luminifera,Manchurian ash with other broad-leaved native trees,and native coniferous tree species of Chinese pine,Pinus armandii,larch,Japanese cedar in 1981.The survey results on various species survival rate,preservation rate and growth for 26a（2004） was as follows.The timber volume genetic gain of silver magpie for 26a（2004） improved by 26.8% than average of 11 broad-leaved species,and improved by 32.0% than average of other 10 broad-leaved species.In addition,the timber volume of Japan Cryptomeria increased by 36.5% than average of four conifers trees,and by 48.8% than average of other three conifer species.It was most suitable for Silver magpie and Japanese cedar to grow in the Three Gorges area.By developing industrial plantation of silver magpie and Japanese cedar in this area,we could greatly improve new afforestation productivity,real genetic gain by more than 15%,and achieve better economic,social and ecological benefits.