新生儿血铅水平与环境因素的相关性研究

Higher blood lead levels of neonates are associated with environmental factors

目的 了解本地新生儿血铅水平现状及其相关的影响因素。方法 采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法。于 1998年 3～ 6月 ,对在我院产科出生的 10 3例新生儿进行耳垂微量血血铅含量的测定 ,并对小儿出生情况及产妇、家庭环境等相关因素进行问卷调查。结果 (1)在 10 3例新生儿中 ,血铅最高值 197μg/L ,最低值 2 7μg/L ,几何均值为 71μg/L ,≥ 10 0 μg/L者 2 5例 ,占 2 4.3% ;(2 )早产伴低体重 (6例 )及窒息史的 (14例 )占新生儿高血铅水平比例的 80 % (2 0 /2 5例 ) ,其血铅水平大多增高 ;(3)新生儿血铅水平与环境因素 (家庭住址、住房新旧、家庭居住人口等 )差异有显著性 ,P <0 .0 1。结论本组新生儿血铅水平高于其他省、市 ,主要与环境因素有关 ,应引起高度重视。

Objective To estimate blood lead level of newborn infants in Lanzhou area and its relative risk factors. Methods Using graphite oven atomic absorption spectrometry, the authors determined ear lobe blood lead level of 103 newborns in the obstetrical department of the hospital between March and June, 1998 and surveyed natal and post-natal condition, environmental factors of the mothers and their families with a questionnaire. Results (1) Among the 103 newborns, the highest level of blood lead was 197 μg/L,the lowest level was 27 μg/L,the geometric mean was 71.25 μg/L; the blood lead level was ≥100 μg/L in 25 cases. (2) Premature infants with low birth weight (6 cases) and infants who had asphyxia (14 cases) accounted for 80% of those who had higher blood lead levels. (3) The blood lead levels of the newborn infants were associated with environmental factors (sites of residence, housing condition and number of family members, etc) ( P <0.01). Conclusion Blood lead levels of newborns in Lanzhou area were significantly higher than those in other provinces and cities and were associated with certain environmental factors. Enough attention should be paid to the situation.