客站无组织通风量计算及其对空调负荷的影响

Determination of Unorganized Ventilation Volume and the Effect to Heating and Cooling Load in Railway Station

无组织通风是指通过门窗以及开口侵入建筑物内、未经控制的室外空气,以及由门窗缝隙进入室内的渗透风。无组织通风在空调及采暖季造成的能耗所占比例不容忽视。此外,空气渗透对室内环境品质有较大影响,建筑内部的温度、湿度、气流分布规律等都与无组织通风有关。然而在客站这类作为人员集散场所的特殊建筑中,通过门窗等开口侵入的无组织通风总是无法避免。如何准确预测无组织通风量及其对空调系统负荷的影响,是保证此类建筑室内环境的重要基础。故首先总结了现有无组织通风计算方法;然后,以苏州火车站为研究对象,建立了无组织通风量计算的具体模型,根据表面风压系数,利用多区域网络软件CONTAMW确定空调季、采暖季客站无组织通风量的计算方法,并通过现场测试验证了此方法的正确性;同时,分析了室外风速、室外温度及外门开口情况对无组织通风量以及客站空调及采暖负荷的影响。

Unorganized ventilation means the natural ventilation without control that enters by doors, windows and openings, and also means infiltration that enters through aperture of doors and windows. Unorganized ventilation cannot be ignored for its large energy consumption caused in the air conditioning and heating season. And the air permeability process has a great effect on indoor environment quality. The internal temperature, humidity and air distribution rule relate to the unorganized ventilation. However, unorganized ventilation which enters by doors and windows always cannot avoid in some special buildings such as inns and stations with lots of people. The basic methods for researching the current unorganized ventilation are summarized. Then specific model is established to decide simulation and calculation with in- door and outdoor meteorological data based a station with large amount of passengers in Suzhou. It computes unorganized ventilation volume of the passenger station for air-conditioning season and heating season by multi-zone network software and room thermal module, and analyzes the influence to heating and cooling load.