医学生的社会支持、应付方式与压力

Relationship between pressure and coping style and social support of medical students

目的研究医学院学生的压力状况,压力与社会支持、应付方式的关系及影响因素。方法使用应付方式问卷、心身压力测试量表和社会支持评定量表,对医学院本科生240名和综合类大学本科生440名进行测量研究。结果 (1)医学生的压力显著低于非医学生(t=-3.62,P<0.001);(2)医学生的压力与社会支持呈负相关,与成熟应付方式呈正相关、与不成熟应付方式呈负相关;(3)独生子女使用自责的应付方式显著高于非独生子女(t=2.16,P<0.05);(4)单亲家庭医学生的社会支持总分及各维度显著低于非单亲家庭医学生(t=-2.06,P<0.05;t=-2.06,P<0.05;t=-3.11,P<0.001),单亲家庭医学生更多地使用自责的应付方式(t=2.19,P<0.05);(5)多元回归分析发现,医学生自责、解决问题、主观社会支持3个因子可以预测压力。结论医学生在大学生群体中并非高压力群体;自责的应付方式、解决问题的应付方式和主观社会支持能够预测医学生的压力;不同家庭构成的医学生具有不同的应付方式和社会支持特点。

Objective To study the relationship between pressure and social support and coping styles of medical college students and its influencing factors.Methods 240 students from medical college and 440 students from ordinary colleges were tested with Coping Style Questionnaire（CSQ）,Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS） and Psychosomatic Tension Relaxation Inventory（PSTRI）.Results（1）The pressure of medical students were significantly lower than non-medical students（t=-3.62,P0.001）.（2）There were negative correlation between pressure and social support of medical students;and positive correlation between pressure and mature coping styles.（3）Only child used more self-accusation as coping style than children with siblings（t=2.16,P〈0.05）.（4）Medicla students from single parent family had lower aggregate score and all the factors of score of Social Support Rating Scale（t=-2.06,P〈0.05;t=-2.06,P〈0.05;t=-3.11,P0.001）;and single parents familiy students used more self-accusation as coping style（t=2.19,P〈0.05）.（5）The multi factor line regression analysis found that for medical students,three factors（self-accusation,problem solving and subjective social support） can forecast pressure.Conclusion Medical students had less pressure than non medical students;self-accusation,problem solving as coping styles and subjective social support can forecast pressure;medical students form different composition families had different characteristics in coping style and social support.