坦白抑或自首——“双规”与“两指”中“如实交待”的性质之争

Frankness or Surrender:the Debate of Nature of "Truthful Confession" in "Detained and Interrogated" and "Two Specified"

自首是国家基于功利原则设计的一项重要刑罚制度,其对于及时侦破案件,节约司法成本,提高司法效率,具有重要作用。对自首构成条件界定得过严或过宽,都不符合自首制度设立的目的。我们不能将纪检监察机关对违纪违法人员采取"双规"或"两指"措施等同于刑事司法程序中的刑事强制措施。在没有启动刑事司法程序前,行为人向包括纪检监察机关在内的相关组织部门,如实交待自己主要犯罪事实,在进入刑事司法程序后,应当认定为自首。

Surrendered was an important national penal system designed based on the principle of utility,which played an important role for the timely detection of cases,saving the cost of justice and promoting judicial efficiency. The conditions of surrendered constitute defined too strictly or too loosely will not meet the purpose of establishing the surrendered system. We can not make the measures of ＂detained and interrogated＂ or ＂two specified＂ on the violating law and discipline staff taken by the inspection and supervision organs equivalent to criminal compulsory measures in the criminal justice process. Before did not starting the criminal justice process, the behavior confessing truthfully their main criminal facts to the discipline inspection organs including the organization department should be deemed as surrender.