2000-2010年北京空气持续污染特征研究

Study on Characteristic of Persistent Air Pollution in Beijing from 2000 to 2010

通过统计分析2000-2010年北京空气质量监测日报,研究了近10年来北京空气持续污染特征。结果表明,近10年来北京的空气质量得到明显改善,空气持续污染日数和质量超标日数均呈下降趋势,但年持续污染日数在年超标日数中所占的比例依然较大,持续污染已成为北京空气污染的一个显著特征。春季是北京持续污染最多的季节,平均每年多达25.4天。夏季是持续污染最少的季节,但是6月麦收期麦秸焚烧常会造成空气持续污染。北京空气持续污染的空间分布形态主要分为沙尘天气影响型、污染累积型和麦收期麦秸焚烧污染型。沙尘天气影响型造成的空气持续污染的空间分布特征表现为整个北京污染都很严重,特别是城区和西南部的污染最严重;污染累积型的持续污染在空间分布上呈"南高北低"型。麦秸焚烧污染型则是人口相对稀疏、农田面积较多的远郊区污染最严重。

Through the air quality daily report in Beijing from June 2000to December 2010,the characteristics of the persistent air pollution in Beijing were analyzed.The result showed that the air quality has been significantly improved in Beijing in recent 10years.The persistent air pollution days and the exceed air quality standard days appeared decreasing trend,but the persistent pollution days account for the proportion of pollution days is still a large,persistent pollution has become a distinctive feature of air pollution in Beijing.Spring is the season of the most persistent air pollution days,average 25.4days per year.Summer is the season with minimum days of persistent air pollution,but the persistent pollution caused by wheat-straw burning often occurs in June.Distribution of persistent air pollution in Beijing can be divided into three types：Dust storm type,pollution accumulation type and wheat-straw burning type.Distribution characteristic of the persistent air pollution effected by dust storm is high API in the whole Beijing,expecially in urban area and southwest of Beijing.The distribution characteristic of the persistent air pollution of pollution accumulation type is of‘higher in the south than north’.The distribution of persistent air pollution of wheat-straw burning type is high API in the suburbs.