超低水头竖井贯流式水轮机模型试验

Model test of tubular turbine under extremely low head

为研究超低水头下竖井贯流式水轮机的能量特性和空化特性,对一种额定水头为2.10 m的超低水头竖井贯流式水轮机进行模型试验。基于河海大学水力机械多功能试验台,采用压差传感器、电磁流量计、扭矩仪等仪器对不同导叶开度、不同叶片安放角下GD-WS-35型水轮机的水头、流量和扭矩等参数进行测试,并绘制了水轮机模型综合特性曲线。试验结果表明:当叶片安放角为23°,导叶开度为65°时,在额定水头2.10 m条件下,模型水轮机的流量为0.398 m3/s,效率为83.34%,出力为6.838kW,对应原型水轮机的流量为9.96m3/s,效率为85.14%,出力为174.7 kW,水轮机具有良好的能量特性;当叶片安放角为23°,导叶开度为65°时,水轮机具有良好的空化性能。

To study the energy characteristics and cavitation characteristics of a tubular turbine with a vertical shaft, model tests for a tubular turbine under an extremely low head of 2. 10 m were carried out. Based on a multi-function hydro-mechanical experimental bench in Hohai University, the water head, discharge, and torque of the GD-WS-35 tubular turbine were respectively tested with a pressure difference sensor, electromagnetic flow meter, and torque meter, under different guide vane openings and different blade setting angles. The comprehensive characteristic curves of the model tubular turbine were drawn. The energy characteristic test shows that when the blade＇s setting angle is 23°, the guide vane opening is 65°, and the rated water head is 2. 10 m, the tubular turbine under extremely low head has good energy characteristics： the model turbine＇s efficiency reaches 83. 34%, discharge is 0. 398 m^3/s, and the output power is 6. 838 kW. Conversion to the antitype turbine, the efficiency is 85.14% , discharge is 9. 96 m^3/s, and the output power is 174. 7 kW. The cavitation test shows that the turbine＇ s cavitation performance is good when the blade setting angle is 23° and the guide vane opening is 65°.