妇产科医院感染的危险因素分析与护理对策

Risk factor analysis and nursing countermeasures on hospital infection in gynaecology and obstetrics department

目的探讨妇产科住院患者医院感染发生相关因素及护理对策。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对某三级综合医院2008年1月至2011年12月42538例妇产科出院患者(妇科11511例;产科31027例)临床资料进行回顾性分析,调查医院感染患者的年龄分布、发生部位和相关危险因素。结果共发生医院感染153例(159例次),感染率为0.36%。妇科99例,感染率为0.86%。产科54例,感染率为0.17%。妇科年龄≥40岁的患者医院感染发生率为2.92%,与<40岁的患者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);妇科和产科呼吸道感染率分别为0.37%、0.12%,与其他部位感染的发生率比较有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);相关危险因素中呼吸机和泌尿道插管使用率高,与其他因素比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论应从加强基础护理和健康宣教,缩短留置尿管时间和住院天数,严格执行无菌操作等方面降低和控制妇产科医院感染的发生。

Objective To explore correlative factors and nursing countermeasures on hospital infection of inpatients in gynaecology and obstetrics department.Methods We analyzed 42538 patients＇ medical data（11511 case in gynaecology department,31027 case in obstetrics department）in gynaecology and obstetrics department of one level-3 general hospital from January 2008 to December 2011 by retrospective survey methods,and mainly surveyed age distribution,location and corelative factors of hospital infection patients.Results There were 153 cases（159 times）of hospital infection,and infection rate was 0.36%,including 99 cases of gynaecology（0.86%of infection rate）and 54 cases of obstetrics（0.17% of infection rate）.Hospital infection rate was 2.92% of patients who were older than and eaqual 40 years in gynaecology department,and there were statistical difference between patients who were younger than 40 years（P0.05）.Respiratory tract infection rate were 0.37% and 0.12% in gynaecology and obstetrics department,and there were statistical difference between other parts infections（P0.05 or P0.01）.In correlative factors,the use of respiratory machine and urinary tract intubation were higher than that of other factors,and there were statistical difference（P0.05 or P0.01）.Conclusion We should enhance basic nursing care and health education,shorten the time of placing urinary catheter and hospital stay,and strictly implement sterile operation to reduce and control hospital infection in gynaecology and obstetrics department.