江苏如东滩涂文蛤产地环境质量评价

Environmental Quality Evaluation on the Mud-flat Meretrix meretrix Aquaculture Area in Rudong of Jiangsu Province,China

滩涂贝类最易受污染,养殖环境中积累的污染物往往沿食物链转移富集到滩涂贝类中,从而对贝类质量和人体健康构成潜在生态危险。根据对江苏如东滩涂文蛤养殖产地水体、沉积物和文蛤生物体中主要污染物为时1周年的4次同步监测数据,应用基于数理统计的超标概率法和内梅罗综合指数法,分析和评价滩涂文蛤产地环境质量状况及超标污染物,为产地环境的管理提供技术支持。单因子评价结果表明,该养殖产地水体中的超标污染物为石油烃,沉积物中的超标污染物依次为铬、汞、镉、砷和铜,文蛤体内的超标污染物依次为铬、铅、石油烃、镉和大肠菌群。综合评价结果表明,该养殖产地4季平均的水体、沉积物和贝类质量等级分别处于清洁、清洁和轻污染水平,其中沉积物质量冬、春季均处于轻污染等级,贝类生物体质量春季处于中污染等级。相关分析表明,水体中石油烃,沉积物中镉、铬含量的超标直接影响文蛤的产品质量,产地环境中的铅、大肠菌群、汞、铜、砷是影响该养殖产地文蛤产品质量的潜在污染物。从保证文蛤产品质量出发,应重点关注该产地环境中铬、铅、石油烃、镉和大肠菌群的污染。

The mud-flat shellfish was easily contaminated by pollutants that accumulating in the aquaculture environment.Pollutants do harm to the shellfish quality and human health by accumulating and transferring along the food chain and cause potentially ecological risk.The environment quality of aquaculture area of Meretrix meretrix in Rudong mud-flat was assessed with four survey data throughout the year in order to provide technical for the environmental management of aquaculture area.Samples of water,sediment and Meretrix meretrix were collected and were used to analyze the concentration of hydrocarbon,heavy metals and colon bacillus.These data were assessed with exceed-ing probability of mono-variable and Nemerow index,respectively.According to the results of mono-variable method,it showed that hydro-carbon was the sea water quality standard exceeded pollutant.The sediment quality standard exceeded pollutants in decreasing order were Cr,Hg,Cd,As and Cu.The Meretrix meretrix standard exceeded pollutant in decreasing order were Cr,Pb,hydrocarbon,Cd and colon bacil-lus.According to the results of Nemerow method,it showed the four season average rank levels of water,sediment and shellfish quality were clear,clear and light polluted,respectively.However,the rank level of sediment in spring and winter survey was light polluted,and the rank level of Meretrix meretrix in spring was middle polluted.Variables including hydrocarbon in water,Cd and Cr in sediment were considered to be the significant pollutants that influenced the shellfish quality directly,and variables including Pb,colon bacillus,Hg,Cu and As were po-tential pollutants that influenced the Meretrix meretrix quality.More attention should be paid to these contaminated pollutants including Cr,Pb,hydrocarbon,Cd and colon bacillus in order to guarantee the quality of Meretrix meretrix in Rudong mud-flat area.