台风强度及演变的卫星反演试验研究

Retrieval research of typhoon intensity and evolution by using satellite imagery

本文利用日本静止卫星MTSAT的观测资料以及福建省气象台发布的2008年台风资料,对2008年三个台风:凤凰、森拉克、黑格比进行了研究.以人机交互的方式通过从静止卫星红外(10.8μm,IR1)、水汽(6.7μm,WV)波段图像获取相关信息,定义了面积指数、中心亮温指数、最小亮温指数,初步研究了其与台风强度的关系.发现IR1亮温面积指数在台风增强过程中与强度变化有很好的对应关系;而IR1中心亮温指数与台风强度整体变化趋势一致;IR1最小亮温指数在台风由强变弱时急剧下降,具有一定的指示意义;红外水汽亮温差(IR-WV)面积指数与IR1中心亮温指数变化趋势相似,但变化幅度更明显.通过本文的研究,可以为台风强度变化的研究提供量化的卫星观测指标.在实际业务中,对海上台风的强度很难测量,可利用这些指标对台风发展作出初步判断.

With the observation data of geostationary satellite MTSAT of Japan and the report on typhoons released by Fujian Meteorology Bureau of China, this paper studies three typhoons in 2008： Fung Wong （0808）, Sinlaku （0813）, Hagupit（0814）. The area index, center brightness temperature index, minimum brightness temperature index are defined to study the relationship with typhoon intensity. The data of MTSAT infrared channel（10.8μm, IR1 ）and the water vapor channel（6.7μm, WV）adopted in the research was got by human-computer interaction. It is shown that the area index of the IR1 brightness temperature is closely related to the intensity evolution when the typhoon is intensifying. The change of IR1 center brightness temperature has the same trend with the change of intensity for intense typhoon. The IR1 minimum brightness temperature index decreases rapidly when typhoon weakens. The area index of IR1 and WV difference（IRWV）has the same trend with the IR1 center brightness temperature index,but the amplitude of IRWV area index is larger when typhoon weakens. By the research of this paper,some quantitative analysis data can be provided for the study on the evolution of typhoon intensity. In the actual meteorological operations,it, so these indices would be helpful in the estimation of typhoon intensity and its e volution.