幽灵、记忆与双重性:解读《献给艾米莉的玫瑰》的“怪异”

Ghost,Memory and Doubleness: Reading into “The Uncanny”in “A Rose for Emily”

经弗洛伊德发展、阐释的"怪异"概念在后现代语境中越来越重要,"诡异性"和"双重性"共同构成了其主要特征,二者缺一不可。本文以双重性为切入点,对具有哥特式风格的福克纳短篇小说《献给艾米莉的玫瑰》进行重新解读。本文认为只有把握了这篇小说中无处不在的双重性特点,才能更好地体味其"怪异",把握其意义;而要进入这种双重性,首先就必须在叙事人、在叙事视角中找到钥匙,只有这样才能打开小说的时间之谜,并进一步从形式的双重性进入意义的双重性。在这篇短篇小说中,由多重双重性构筑的多维度幽灵幻境制造出了一种多层面的怪异感,效果远远超出了"怪异"本身的那种神秘、诡异。

The concept of ＂The uncanny＂ as developed and illustrated by Sigrnund Freud has increasingly demonstrated its significance in post-modern context. The uncanny is characterized interwovenly by both strangeness and doublenss. This article attempts to reread William Faulkner＇ s Gothic styled short story ＂A Rose for Emily＂ with doubleness as the key. We hold that we can only partially experience and understand the uncanny and uncanniness of this story without perceiving the pervasively entailed doubleness, the key to which will be the narrator and narrative perspective, leading further to the demystification of the doubled time in and of the story. The doubleness of formal features thus disclosed will help us further perceive and understand the doubleness of meaning enclosed. We conclude that the multi-layered uncanniness fabricated by Faulkner in this story, through the entangled multi-doublness and the formulation of multi -dimensional ghosts, produces effect far beyond the mere strangeness and eeriness.