中国沿海大都市出口加工区生命周期研究——以上海金桥出口加工区为例

The Life Cycle of Export Processing Zones in the Coastal Metropolitan in China——A Case Study of Jinqiao Export Processing Zone,Shanghai

以产品生命周期理论和企业生命周期理论等为基础,对上海市金桥出口加工区生命周期演化进行了分析。出口加工区生命周期的分析应结合不同时期产品结构和企业结构的表现特征,根据产品结构和企业结构的演变特征,金桥出口加工区的生命周期历经了加工导向期、制造导向期和创新导向期3个时期。金桥出口加工区生命周期演化的本质是产品的更新换代和企业动态的集聚与消亡过程,是两大类因素共同作用的结果:生产成本上升、投资门槛增高等内部投资环境产生的推力因素;国际直接投资向高科技化和服务化转变、中西部出口加工区竞争力增强、本地开发区的产业联动等外部投资环境产生的拉力因素。反映出金桥出口加工区生命周期是投资主导型的演化过程。

Export processing zones are special areas established by developing countries or regions to promote economic development by providing favorable measures and barrier-free environment to attract foreign invest- ment and develop export-oriented industries. With the regional economic development, the internal and exter- nal development environment of the export processing zone has changed, and the function and nature of the ex- port processing zones have an unceasing evolution and change, and thus to explore the life cycle evolution law of the export processing zones has very important significance~ This paper builds an analysis framework of life cycle evolution and industrial evolution of export processing zones based on Product life cycle theory and the corporate life cycle theory, and then analyzes the evolution characteristics and mechanisms of Jinqiao Export Processing Zone life-cycle in Shanghai, which located in the eastern coastal areas of China. The results show that, according to the evolution characteristics of the.product structures and enterprise structures, the life cycle of the Jinqiao Export Processing Zone can be divided into three stages： processing-oriented stage, manufactur- ing-oriented stage and innovation-oriented stage, the increasing proportion of new products and agglomeration of MNCs headquarters and R＆D institutions can be observed in the evolution of life cycle. The nature of Jinq- iao Export Processing Zone life cycle is the continuous transition of the land-use types and the continuing up- grading of the industrial value chain, and this is the result of the two types factors： The first is push factors which are generated by the internal investment environment, such as the increasing of production costs and the investment threshold; The second is pull factors which are generated by the external investment environment, such as the international industrial transfer has changed to high-tech and services, enhancing competitiveness of Export Processing Zones in the Midwest China and industrial associated-action between local development zones. These all reflect that the evolution of Jinqiao Export Processing Zone life cycle is an investment-driven process, this is different with the market-driven evolution process of life cycle of the export processing zones which are close to the markets of developed countries in the world.