中国各省域建设用地开发空间均衡度评价研究

The Spatial Balance Degree Evaluation of Construction Land in China

依据空间均衡原理,分析了建设用地开发空间均衡的意义,采用2008年中国各省土地和社会经济数据(不包括港、澳、台地区),构建了建设用地开发均衡度指数,对各省建设用地空间配置合理性进行了评价,结果表明:①31个省份中,共计23个省份处于均衡状态,占74.2%。但均衡程度各不相同,良性均衡程度以上的共计15个省份,仅占全国土地总面积的34.3%;而处于失衡状态的省份虽然仅有8个,却占全国土地总面积的47.7%,且均衡度大多小于0.3,属于严重失衡。②开发强度和供给能力的对比分析表明,全国有8个省份处于过度开发状态,17个省份开发不足。③建设用地空间配置不仅应考虑到各地经济建设的需要,更应重视开发强度与供给能力之间的协调,尤其应结合中国区域发展政策,将建设用地指标向中西部地区倾斜。

Based on the principle of spatial equilibrium and analysis of the significance of construction land for spatial balance,the equilibrium index was built to assess the degree of equilibrium in the regional construction land development with the provincial land and socio-economic data of China.Results showed that: 1)Among the 31 provinces in China(exclude Taiwan,Hong Kong and Macao),a total of 23 provinces were in the equilibrium state,accounting for 74.2% with huge regional differences between each other.A total of 15 provinces were of high quality equilibrium state,accounting for only 34.3% of the total land area of the country.But a total of 8 provinces were in a serious imbalance state,accounting for 47.7% of the total land area of the country. Furthermore their equilibrium degree indices were less than 0.3 which meant serious imbalance.2) The analysis of construction land exploitation intensity index and construction land supply capacity index showed that 8 provinces of all were over exploited and 17 provinces were developed inadequately.3) The construction land space allocation should not only take into account the needs of the local economic,more attention should be paid to the coordination between the construction land development exploitation and supply capacity.Particularly in the context of China's regional development policies,the construction land quota should be used more in some areas of the western and central China.