2011年四川省农村土壤中铅和镉含量调查

Investigation of soil lead and cadmium content in rural areas of Sichuan in 2011

目的了解四川省农村地区土壤中铅和镉含量现状,客观评价农村环境卫生状况,为制订政策措施提供依据和支持。方法根据《2011年全国农村环境卫生监测项目技术方案》,按照分层随机方法抽取21个市(州)51个县1 020个行政村进行调查并采集土壤样品,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中铅、镉含量,并对样品进行单因子指数评价和内梅罗指数综合评价。结果检测1 000份样品中,土壤铅含量均未超标,且单因子指数平均值较低的分布在四川的偏远山区(甘孜州和阿坝州为0.011、巴中市为0.012)。检测993份样品中,土壤镉含量超标的样品共565份,占56.90%,且攀枝花市和乐山市的超标率达100%;内梅罗指数综合评价21个市(州)中有17个为中、重污染级别,占80.95%。结论本次调查的四川省21个市(州)土壤铅含量均在清洁和尚清洁的范围内,但镉含量较高,超过半数达到污染级别,应采取相应措施,防止镉污染的加重。

Objective To know the level of soil lead （Pb）, cadmium （Cd） content and evaluate the soil environmental hygienic condition in rural areas of Sichuan province. Methods According to Technical Scheme for Project of National Rural Environmental Sanitation Surveillance in 2011, Pb and Cd concentrations in 1 020 soil samples from 1 020 administrative villages of 51 counties were determined,and were assessed by the single factor index evaluation and Nemerow index comprehensive evaluation. Results The contents of Pb in all of the 1 000 soil samples were lower than the soil environmental standard limits. Pb composite indexes were especially lower in remote rural areas of Sichuan province （Ganzi and Aba were 0.011, Bazhong was 0.012）. As for Cd, in all of the 993 soil samples, 565 were higher than the soil environmental standard limits （the rate was up to 56.90% ）. The disqualified rate in Panzhihua and Leshan was 100%. By Nemerow index comprehensive evaluation, 17 in 21 cities （prefectures） were polluted, the rate was up to 80.95%. Conclusion The content of Pb in the soil in the all states in Sichuan is lower, while the pollution of Cd is severe. Measures to control the pollution of cadmium in soil should be carried out.